Study Guide: Space Science

Test is December 9, 2009! Start studying ASAP! You will want to use your book and notebook to review. It will also be helpful to look at your Key Terms in your notbook- pgs 18,32, 48 .

19.1, 19.2: Earth in Space; Gravity and Motion (notebook pg’s: 37)

· Rotation vs. Revolution

· Why we have seasons

· What is gravity? Why does gravity vary depending on the size of an object

19.3, 19.4: Phases, Eclipses and Tides; Earth’s Moon (notebook pg’s: 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48)

· What is the difference between a natural and artificial satellite

· Gravity of moon compared to Earth

· Why no atmosphere= no weathering/erosion

· Describe features: Maria, craters, rilles, highlands

· Why do we always see same side of moon (figure 10 page 671)

· Origin of our moon

o Be able to explain which theory is most accepted and why

· Explain/label the phases of the Moon (figure 11 pages 672-673)

o Terms: gibbous, waning, waxing

· Explain/draw/label a lunar vs. solar eclipse (figure 13 and 14 pages 674-675)

20.1: Observing the Solar System (notebook pg’s: 34)

· Heliocentric vs. Geocentric model of our solar system

· How did Galileo help prove the heliocentric model?

20.2: The Sun (notebook pg’s: 28, 29, 30)

· Nuclear Fusion: hydrogen & helium (the sun’s “fuel”)

· 3 layers of Sun’s interior: core, radiation zone, convection zone

· Name and describe 3 layers of Sun’s atmosphere

· Describe 3 types of solar storms: sunspots, prominences, solar flares

20.3, 20.4: The Inner Planets and The Outer Planets (notebook pg’s: 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41)

· Difference between Jovian and Terrestrial Planet vs. Inner Planets and Outer Planets

· Why was it odd to find a magnetic field around Mercury

· What is Pluto?? Hint: planet vs. comet vs. escaped moon of Neptune

· Why is Venus the hottest planet

· What is odd about the rotation and revolution of Venus

· Why is Mars red in color?

· Why is exploring Europa (moon of Jupiter) so important?

· What is odd about Pluto’s orbit?

· Describe Uranus’s orbit on its axis

· Why does Mercury have so many craters?

· What is important about Titan’s atmosphere

· Why is Io known as the most volcanically active place in our solar system

· Compare the rotation and revolution of the planets (use charts on pg 713 and 721)

20.5: Comets, Asteroids, and Meteors (notebook pg’s: 51, 52, 53)

· Explain difference between a meteorite, meteor, and meteoroid

· What is the origin of the Asteroid Belt (what do they originally think it was going to be)

· What is a comet?

· Where are most comets found?

· What are asteroids? What are the different types (Apollo, Trojan, Asteroid Belt)

· Asteroid impact? Damage to Earth!

20.6: Is There Life Beyond Earth? (notebook pg’s: )

· Life? Billions of galaxies, with billions of stars….what do you think?

o Life on Europa? Life on Mars? Is it possible?

o What is life? Does it have to be like us?

o What do scientists mean when they talk about “Goldilocks” Conditions?

21.2, 21.3: Characteristics of Stars; Lives of Stars (notebook pg’s: 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27)

· Explain how a star is classified- color, temperature, size, brightness

· What is parallax? (figure 9 page 757) What is a light year?

· Difference between absolute and apparent magnitude.

· H-R diagram- describe how it is set up (figure 10 page 758)

· Explain the life cycle of both high and low mass stars (figure 13 page 764-765)

· What is a nebula

21.4: Star Systems and Galaxies; The Expanding Universe (notebook pg’s: 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)

· What is a star system

· Explain the types: multiple star systems, eclipsing binaries, planets around other stars, and star clusters

· Name and describe each type of Galaxy

· What is a galaxy?

· Largest galaxy type (in terms of number of stars)

· What type of Galaxy is the Milky Way?

· Explain Hubble’s Law and how it relates to a galaxies speed and distance from us

· What is the big bang theory? Is it the only theory?

· How do scientists think our solar system formed?