Study
Guide: Oceanography
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know percentage of salt water vs. fresh water
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know how the amount of fresh water is broken up
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describe a water molecule
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what does it mean to be a polar molecule
o
what kind of charge does the hydrogen and oxygen
atoms have
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why does water have surface tension
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why is it off for ice to be less dense then liquid
water
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at what temperature is water most dense
·
Explain what it means to be a universal solvent
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What happens to polar and nonpolar molecules in
water
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Describe each of the processes in the water cycle
o
Be able to label a picture or draw a picture
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what % of earth’s surface is ocean water
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explain the origin of the oceans
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what types of things are found in ocean water
o
dissolved gases, salts, elements
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name the different salts in the ocean
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What is salinity
o
What is the average salinity? What affects the salinity in an area
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What is a thermocline
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What is the difference between the density of pure
water and the density of salt water
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What affects the density of salt water
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What happens to the pressure as you go towards the
center of the Earth
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Why is water in constant motion
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Explain the Coriolis Effect
·
What does the Coriolis Effect do to winds and surface
currents
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What is a gyre
o
What does a gyre do in the Northern Hemisphere?
o
What does a gyre do in the Southern Hemisphere?
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What keeps deep currents in motion
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What is upwelling
o
What kind of industries might like an area of
upwelling
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What is a shoreline current
·
Describe a longshore current, rip current, and
undertow
o
How can one get out of a rip current
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What is a wave
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What gives wave their motion
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What is a water particle actually doing in a wave
·
Label and describe the crest, trough, wave height,
wave length, wave period
o
Be able to calculate wave speed, when waves will
break
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What happens to a wave as it reaches the shore
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Why do some people build “breakwaters”
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What is a tsunami
o
How fast can they travel, how high can they get?
·
What objects gravitational forces cause tides
o
Explain the difference between the affect of the
Sun and Moon
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Explain the “bulges” on the Earth the Moon creates
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What causes the monthly tide cycles
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Explain the water level in spring and neap tides
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Explain the position of the Sun, Moon and Earth
during spring and neap tides
o
Which moon phases are associated with spring and
neap tides
·
Explain what each vessel was used for: Challenger, Meteor, Glomar Challenger, and
JOIDES Revolution
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Describe what each tool or method is used for
o
Coring, sonar, submersibles, and satellites
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Why is it hard to map the ocean floor
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What is a bathymetric map
o
What is an isobath
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How does sonar and depth sounding help measure the
depth
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Name and describe the 4 different kinds of
continental margins
·
Be able to label a diagram of the continental
margins
·
Name and describe the 4 types of ocean-floor
features
o
Abyssal plains, ridges, seamounts, and reefs
o
What is a guyout?
What is an atoll?
·
What factors affect ocean life
o
Sunlight, water pressure, water temp.
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Name and describe the 3 different Horizontal Life
Zones
o
What type of conditions will you find in each
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Name and describe the 4 Vertical Life Zones
o
Explain which are light and which are dark
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Know the terms:
Plankton, benthos, nekton, producers, consumers
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Explain how fisheries, minerals and oil are all
good ocean resources
o
What type of minerals are good ocean resources